The Conservative backbench 1922 Committee has decided not to change rules which require a 12-month delay between confidence votes in the party leader.
This means Mrs May cannot be challenged until December after she survived an early confidence vote.
Last month, the PM pledged to stand down if and when Parliament ratified her Brexit withdrawal agreement, although it has now lost three times in the Commons.
Yesterday Mrs May was urged to quit by senior Tories as MPs returned to Westminster from the Easter holidays.
But the 1922 committee's ruling was not all positive for the PM as it said they would "seek a clear road map" from the PM about the timetable for her departure if she is unable to deliver Brexit.
STAY OF EXECUTION: Theresa May will not face a confidence vote until at least December (Pic: GETTY)
“The best thing is for Theresa May to resign – the writing is on the wall for her”
Tory MP Andrea Jenkyns
Speaking before Wednesday's meeting, a Downing Street spokesman said the PM had given a commitment to stand down "earlier than she would have liked" and would not lead negotiations on the UK's future relations with the EU.
But he said this did "not necessarily mean" she would quit straight away if Brexit happens on October 31.
Mrs May survived a vote of no confidence in her on 12 December 2018 by 200 to 117 votes.
The chairman of the Committee Sir Graham Brady, said: "The decision was first of all that we determined there should not be a rule change to remove the 12-month period of grace during which a second confidence vote cannot be held.
"We further determined that we should remind colleagues that it is always available to them to write to me as chairman of the 1922 Committee raising concerns or setting out their thoughts, including concerns about the leadership of the party, and that the strength of opinion would be communicated by me to the leader of the party should they decide to do so.
"Thirdly, we determined that following the Prime Minister's decision a few weeks ago to set out a clRead More – Source
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