{"id":67864,"date":"2018-03-11T01:30:37","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T01:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/how-italy-does-putins-work-4\/"},"modified":"2018-03-11T01:30:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T01:30:37","slug":"how-italy-does-putins-work-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/en\/how-italy-does-putins-work-4\/","title":{"rendered":"How Italy does Putin\u2019s work"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From the United States to France and Britain, officials <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2018\/02\/17\/mcmaster-russian-meddling-beyond-dispute-416848\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">have warned<\/a> about Russian attempts to swing elections through various meddling techniques.<\/p>\n<p>In Italy? Not so much.<\/p>\n<p>In the run-up to the election on Sunday, sympathy for Russian President Vladimir Putin among many lawmakers and voters is out in the open.<\/p>\n<p>The friendly attitude filters through social media and traditional publishers, which means pro-Putin messaging that would be considered propaganda or misinformation elsewhere is uncontroversial in the eurozone\u2019s third largest economy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cItaly is a weird exception [among Western states] because the relationship between Italian politicians and Putin is very open,\u201d said Anna Pellegatta, a digital forensic research assistant at the Atlantic Council, a think-tank <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/dfrlab\/electionwatch-italys-self-made-bots-200e2e268d0e\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">monitoring the rise<\/a> of digital falsities worldwide. \u201cThe line between misinformation and officials promoting Russian messages is very blurred.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cIf existing media is less trusted, then that creates a vacuum for fake news to flourish\u201d \u2014 <em>Rasmus Nielsen, director of research at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Here are four ways that Italy helped to spread online misinformation:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Traditional media<\/h3>\n<p>With Silvio Berlusconi, who is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/is-vladimir-putin-playing-donald-trump-like-he-did-silvio-berlusconi\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">personal friend<\/a> of Putin, owning a large swathe of the Italian media, topics favoring Russia have often been given greater prominence than in other Western countries, notably Germany, where criticism of the former global superpower <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/germany-election-campaign-fake-news-angela-merkel-trump-digital-misinformation\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">is more pronounced<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u2019s not just Berlusconi\u2019s media empire that has been willing to portray Russia in a more favorable light. Last year, Rai, the country\u2019s national broadcaster, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.it\/2017\/10\/05\/the-putin-interviews-il-corpo-a-corpo-tra-oliver-stone-e-lo-zar-di-russia-in-un-documentario-su-rai-3_a_23233420\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ran<\/a> uninterrupted a four-hour interview between Putin and Oliver Stone, the U.S. filmmaker, which gave a broadly positive spin to the Russian leader\u2019s aggressive foreign policy.<\/p>\n<p>Online fact-checking is also less maistream. Websites that promoted fake news in Italy, for instance, created more comments and social interactions on Facebook than reports from many traditional media sites, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/pro\/facebook-fake-news-sites-in-france-and-italy-gain-traction-on-facebook-says-report\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">recent study<\/a> by the University of Oxford.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf existing media is less trusted, then that creates a vacuum for fake news to flourish,\u201d said Rasmus Nielsen, director of research at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Social media<\/h3>\n<p>Facebook, Italy\u2019s largest social media player with more than 20 million local users, played a central role in the campaign as politicians took to the digital platform to promote their message or attack rival candidates \u2014 sometimes using fake news.<\/p>\n<p>Lawmaker Laura Boldrini, current president of the Italian parliament\u2019s lower house, is a repeat target. Photoshopped images of her and fellow politician Maria Elena Boschi allegedly attending the funeral of mafia leader Toto Riina were circulated widely online, racking up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/11\/22\/boschi-e-boldrini-ai-funerali-di-riina-la-sottosegretaria-fake-news-passato-il-limite-il-m5s-prende-le-distanze\/3995358\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">thousands of shares<\/a> on Facebook in less than one day. False accusations that the wife of Matteo Renzi, the country\u2019s former prime minister, was given preferential parking permits <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/dfrlab\/electionwatch-misleading-mentions-fire-up-italy-adcaed8c2153\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">also did the rounds<\/a> in recent days.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is more and more awareness that if you want to be effective you need to use social media,\u201d said Alberto Alemanno, an Italian academic who is running for election Sunday for a minority party. \u201cThis is exactly what will make these elections on all political parties more vulnerable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ahead of Sunday\u2019s vote, Facebook rolled out a series of programs to counter these false narratives, including a clampdown on people making money from advertising connected to fake news. The social network also teamed up with Pagella Politica, a local fact-checking site, to debunk online myths.<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/GettyImages-163876522-714x475.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Pope Francis has repeatedly warned against fake news | Gabriel Bouys\/AFP via Getty Images<\/p>\n<p>Yet the tech faces an uphill challenge, according to a senior executive who spoke to POLITICO on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly about the Italian programs. Often, the executive said, Italy\u2019s far-right and far-left politicians with openly positive views towards Russia promoted such misinformation on their own official pages.<\/p>\n<p>Facebook, the executive added, was loathe to delete such falsities out of fear of being accused of trying to sway the election. Instead, the social network planned to inform local politicians when disinformation was shared widely, but would refrain from removing the content if it was published by official political parties or lawmakers.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Politicians<\/h3>\n<p>Italy\u2019s politicians are divided over how to fight digital misinformation, with some actively embracing and sharing outright lies among their followers. Candidates from the Northern League and 5Star Movement are skeptical that false information is even a problem.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Government officials have tried \u2014 usually with success \u2014 to counter misinformation.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Blogs with ties to the 5Star movement, for instance, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tzetze.it\/redazione\/2015\/11\/ecco_perche_putin_e_il_numero_uno\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">regularly repost<\/a> opinion articles from Sputnik, the Russian government-backed news service, on pro-Kremlin themes such as Putin\u2019s leadership style.<\/p>\n<p>Matteo Salvini, head of the far-right Northern League, recently shared false information about migrants and the alleged government benefits they received, according to EU DisinfoLab, a Brussels-based group that tracks online falsities.<\/p>\n<p>In response, government officials have tried \u2014 usually with success \u2014 to counter misinformation.<\/p>\n<p>Boldrini, the Italian lawmaker, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/18\/world\/europe\/italy-fake-news.html\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">held a series hearings<\/a> last year on how to counter online misinformation. She also launched an initiative with tech companies and publishers to help the country\u2019s children identify possible misinformation. Local senators proposed new legislation to combat disinformation, but their efforts did not gain traction.<\/p>\n<p>The country\u2019s telecoms authority similarly arranged meetings with big U.S. tech giants like Facebook to figure out how best to respond. None of its proposals are legally binding.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Digital tricks<\/h3>\n<p>A key tactic used by Russian-backed groups online is relying on social media bots, or online accounts controlled remotely to promote divisive views. But in Italy, the same strategy is often employed by elected officials, often from the extremes of local politics, to boost their popularity with voters and create outrage from their opponents.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cSome of those hoaxes are dangerous. There\u2019s a marketing or a political goal behind them\u201d \u2014 <em>Filippo Pezzini, lawyer<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Earlier this year, for instance, a Twitter message sent by Salvini, the leader of the Northern League, was repeatedly shared online \u2014 often within seconds of each other \u2014 by more than 150 other accounts, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/dfrlab\/electionwatch-italys-self-made-bots-200e2e268d0e\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an analysis<\/a> by the Atlantic Council, a think-tank.<\/p>\n<p>Such activity, experts say, is characteristic of social media bot techniques more often associated with groups connected to the Russian state. Salvini\u2019s digital tactics, the researchers said, did not mean he had ties with the Kremlin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a real phenomenon, and it\u2019s a problem,\u201d said Filippo Pezzini, a 28-year-old lawyer from Milan, who recently quit social media because of the widespread sharing of digital misinformation online. \u201cSome of those hoaxes are dangerous. There\u2019s a marketing or a political goal behind them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Anna Momigliano contributed reporting from Milan<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/italy-election-fake-news-sunday-bufale-misinformation-vladimir-putin-russia\/?utm_source=RSS_Feed&amp;utm_medium=RSS&amp;utm_campaign=RSS_Syndication\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p> [contf] [contfnew]         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRMd3Tz2gX9xSa6CJyaOj2dokBVcrdaT4yY3R3RI7YmL18vCLZZ\"\/> <\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/&gt;Politico&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/h5&gt;_&lt;\/p&gt;[contfnewc]_[contfnewc]_&lt;\/body&gt;&lt;\/html&gt;\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the United States to France and Britain, officials have..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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