{"id":64986,"date":"2018-02-20T15:21:19","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T15:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/should-we-burn-or-bury-waste-plastic\/"},"modified":"2018-02-20T15:21:19","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T15:21:19","slug":"should-we-burn-or-bury-waste-plastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/en\/should-we-burn-or-bury-waste-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"Should we burn or bury waste plastic?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Should we burn waste plastic \u2013 or bury it?<\/p>\n<p>Since China refused last month to accept any more foreign waste for recycling, the UK is facing a challenge. <\/p>\n<p>How can it recycle more of its own waste? And should it bury or burn the low-grade waste that it can&#039;t recycle?<\/p>\n<p>We&#039;re trying to answer the second question. And it certainly divides opinions. <\/p>\n<p>So what are the facts about plastic waste?<\/p>\n<p>Well, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uktradeinfo.com\/Statistics\/BuildYourOwnTables\/Pages\/Home.aspx\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">HMRC&#039;s UK trade info website<\/a>, about 800,000 tonnes of plastic waste was exported from the UK for recycling to nations like China in 2014. <\/p>\n<p>News reports suggest much of this was contaminated by other rubbish, and had to be burned.<\/p>\n<p>The UK itself was left with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.recoup.org\/p\/229\/uk-household-plastics-collection-survey-2016\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">1,244,774 tonnes of packaging<\/a> sent either to landfill or incineration in 2016. The <a href=\"https:\/\/npwd.environment-agency.gov.uk\/Public\/PublicSummaryData.aspx\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">National Packaging Waste Database<\/a> estimates that 1,015,226 tonnes of plastics packaging was recycled in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, this is packaging, not all plastic waste. <\/p>\n<p>So should we burn our hard-to-recycle waste, or bury it?<!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>The case for burning<\/h2>\n<p>Here&#039;s the case for burning.<\/p>\n<p>Plastic is made from oil and gas, and it creates a lot of heat when it&#039;s burned.<\/p>\n<p>So at first sight it makes sense to harness that by burning it in an incinerator to make electricity.<\/p>\n<p>It&#039;s even more efficient if the incinerator can capture the waste heat from the process and use it to warm offices and homes.<\/p>\n<p>Burning plastic this way currently substitutes in some places for burning dirty fossil fuels like oil or coal.<\/p>\n<p>Mark Pawsey, the Conservative MP for Rugby, is chairman of the All-Party Group for the Packaging Manufacturing Industry.<\/p>\n<p>He <a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/IWGqGc\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told the Commons<\/a>: &quot;Waste is used to generate the heat that enables the cement company based in my constituency to manufacture cement.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;That strikes me as a much better use of the calorific value of packaging than sending it to landfill.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>His argument is supported by the people who run incineration \u2013 the Environmental Services Association (ESA).<\/p>\n<p>Its director Jacob Hayler told us: &quot;It is better to recover energy from non-recyclable waste through (incineration), than send it to landfill.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>He quotes the government&#039;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Digest of UK Energy Statistics<\/a> (DUKES) saying that in 2016, the waste used to fuel Energy from Waste (EfW) was equivalent to replacing 2.5m tonnes of virgin fossil fuel oil. <\/p>\n<p>Mr Hayler says that overall greenhouse gas emissions from incineration are lower than from landfill. <\/p>\n<p>So it seems there&#039;s a strong case for incineration \u2013 but it&#039;s not quite that simple.<\/p>\n<p>Because those statistics are based on the incineration of general waste including plastics \u2013 not of plastic waste alone.<\/p>\n<p>Much of our household waste in landfills does indeed create greenhouse gases that heat the world, unless they are captured as landfill gas.<\/p>\n<p>But this doesn&#039;t apply to plastics, which are extremely stable. They don&#039;t break down in landfill, so don&#039;t emit greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n<p>And, in fact, there&#039;s a strong case against incinerating plastics.<\/p>\n<h2>So what&#039;s the case for burial?<\/h2>\n<p>Burning plastic creates harmful dioxins and if incinerators are inefficient, these leak into the environment. Modern incinerators are said to have largely solved this problem.<\/p>\n<p>But climate change is another consideration.<\/p>\n<p>The consultancy <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eunomia.co.uk\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Eunomia<\/a> says plastics burned in incinerators set up to generate only electricity create heat at 25% efficiency. This is much lower than the 55% efficiency for new gas-fired power stations.<\/p>\n<p>Dominic Hogg from Eunomia told BBC News: &quot;When coal is phased out for generating electricity, incineration of unrecycled waste will be the most CO2-intensive form of generation. <\/p>\n<p>&quot;This doesn&#039;t make sense if the government&#039;s trying to reduce CO2 emissions \u2013 unless the government takes drastic action to reduce the amount of plastic in unrecycled waste.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>Environment groups also fear that if the UK builds new incinerators to cope with the stockpile created by China&#039;s rejection of waste plastic, the policy will lock in a demand for burning waste plastic that ideally should get recycled.<\/p>\n<p>The government seems to have been persuaded by this argument. The environment minister Therese Coffey told the Commons: &quot;In environmental terms, it is generally better to bury plastic than to burn it.&quot; <\/p>\n<h2>Capturing carbon emissions<\/h2>\n<p>Indeed we could go one step further and make the case that burying waste plastic in landfill is actually a cheap form of carbon capture and storage.<\/p>\n<p>Governments have been promising for decades to develop plants that will capture the carbon emissions from power stations and force them into underground rocks.<\/p>\n<p>Burying plastic would have the same effect of locking up unwanted carbon at a fraction of the cost.<\/p>\n<p>Elena Polisano, Oceans Campaigner for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org.uk\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Greenpeace UK<\/a> reluctantly agrees. She told BBC News: &quot;We should reduce, reuse, and recycle, in that order.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;When we get to the stage of deciding whether to burn or bury waste, we have already failed, failed some more and then failed again.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;However, it is safer to contain that failure than to spread it through the atmosphere in the form of toxic gases.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>The question may seem rather academic. But it is highly pertinent for a government whose environment secretary is preparing a new plan for waste \u2013 and who has stated that the UK must &quot;stop offshoring our dirt&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Roger Harrabin reports on waste for Radio 4s&#039; PM programme throughout the week.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/realitycheck\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Read more from Reality Check<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-41928747\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Send us your questions<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/bbcrealitycheck\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Follow us on Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blockads.fivefilters.org\/\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blockads.fivefilters.org\/acceptable.html\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-43120041\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Should we burn waste plastic \u2013 or bury it?<\/p>\n<p>Since China refu..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Should we burn or bury waste plastic? - Business News Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Should we burn waste plastic \u2013 or bury it? 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