{"id":106495,"date":"2018-12-18T05:02:38","date_gmt":"2018-12-18T05:02:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/tumor-organoids-may-speed-cancer-treatment\/"},"modified":"2018-12-18T05:02:38","modified_gmt":"2018-12-18T05:02:38","slug":"tumor-organoids-may-speed-cancer-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bnreport.com\/en\/tumor-organoids-may-speed-cancer-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Tumor organoids may speed cancer treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"

SAN DIEGO<\/strong> \u2014 Collecting cancer cells from patients and growing them into 3-D mini tumors could make it possible to quickly screen large numbers of potential drugs for ultra-rare cancers. Preliminary success with a new high-speed, high-volume approach is already guiding treatment decisions for some patients with recurring hard-to-treat cancers.<\/p>\n

\u201cBelieve it or not, for some rare cancers there is no standard of care,\u201d UCLA cancer biologist Alice Soragni said December 12 at a joint meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology and the European Molecular Biology Organization. \u201cWhat if we could go back and tell the doctor, Hey this combination of therapies worked really well for this specific patient?\u201d<\/p>\n

In one case, Soragni and her colleagues tested 430 compounds on mini tumors grown from cells from a boy with a rare bone cancer. Eight of the compounds caused 75 percent cell death in the mini tumors \u2014 and those included cancer drugs not typically considered for his type of cancer, the team reported at the meeting.<\/p>\n

While the boy is still responding well to standard chemotherapy, the approach could point to new treatments for patients running out of options. \u201cIf a candidate drug shows exciting activity and is [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] approved, then we would absolutely consider it,\u201d says Noah Federman, who directs UCLAs Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Program.<\/p>\n

Earlier this year, a London-based team described how a \u201ctumor-in-a-dish\u201d approach<\/a> successfully predicted drug responses in cancer patients who previously took part in clinical trials. That study was a major development in a new research area focused on \u201corganoids\u201d \u2014 tiny 3-D versions of the brain, gut, lung and other organs grown in the lab<\/a> to probe basic biology or test drugs (SN: 3\/3\/18, p. 22<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u201cIt makes sense to test cancer drugs on cancer cells outside the body first, before selecting the best one to be given to the patient,\u201d says Hans Clevers, an organoid pioneer at the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht, Netherlands. \u201cThis field will definitely grow rapidly,\u201d says Clevers, who was not involved in the new study but has done similar research on treatments for rare kidney cancers.<\/p>\n

Soragni and her colleagues have developed a high-volume, automated method<\/a> to quickly study drug responses in tumor organoids grown from patient cells. By studying mini tumors grown on a plate with 96 tiny test tube\u2013like wells, her team can screen hundreds of compounds at once and identify promising candidates within \u201ca time frame that is therapeutically actionable \u2014 one to two weeks from surgery,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

The method seemed to work for various kinds of ovarian cancer. The lab-grown organoids mimicked how tumors in the body look and behave. And even in cases when mini tumors had a tough time growing in a dish, scientists still identified potential drug candidates.<\/p>\n

Soragnis team next tried the organoid screening method with sarcomas \u2014 a rare group of particularly hard-to-treat cancers that arise in bones or connective tissue and often spread to the lungs. Team member and UCLA thoracic surgeon Jane Yanagawa suggested the new target because she sometimes performs multiple surgeries in the same sarcoma patient for recurring lung tumors. \u201cI was frustrated \u2026 and feeling like there had to be more that I could do for them,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

About a year ago, she approached Soragni about growing patients resected tumors for high-throughput drug screening. So far, the UCLA team has produced organoids from 35 to 40 people with various types of sarcoma, including from the boy with the rare bone cancer, an 11-year-old diagnosed with small cell osteosarcoma, which affects barely a dozen kids in the United States each year.<\/p>\n

Of the eight drugs that worked in the boys tumor organoids, four were so-called \u201cCDK inhibitors\u201d \u2014 a group of therapies doctors would not ordinarily consider for treating osteosarcoma, Federman says. Organoid screens can also identify tumors that wont respond to conventional therapy, he says. This could prove especially useful for people with recurring metastases, where its \u201cnot clear if were doing anything for their overall survival or giving them more toxicity.\u201d<\/p>\n

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